DRAMATIC
INCREASE OF THE INCIDENCE OF THYROID CANCER- HOW CAN BE EXPLAINED?
Thyroid
cancer (TC) is the most rapidly increasing malignancy in the Western World. In
a report based upon the SEER database, the incidence of papillary thyroid
cancer (PTC) increased from 4.8 (2002) to 14.9 (2012) per 100.000 (x 3). This
increasing incidence is attributed to the:
I.Improved
identification of small TC due to more frequent and widespread use of
high-resolution ultrasonography, combined with fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
cytology.
II.Increased
reporting of incidental microcarcinomas (TC < 10 mm) in thyroids removed for
presumably benign disease (for example, nodular goiter).
III.Increased
iatrogenic (“diagnostic” or therapeutic) radiation exposure (for example in
patients with other malignant diseases, such as Hodgkin disease). Children,
especially females, are particularly sensitive to external radiation, with the
greatest risk for exposures before adolescence.
IV.Exposure
to radioactive isotopes, as in nuclear accidents.
V.Other,
less well-defined potential causative factors, such as
-changes in
the population’s body mass index
-use of
fertility drugs
-changes in
menstrual cycle
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