RISK
FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THYROID NODULES AND CANCER IN CHILDREN
1.Iodine deficiency
2.Prior
radiation exposure, including radiation therapy for Hogdkin lymphoma, leukemia,
and central nervous system tumors (in cancer survivors thyroid nodules develop
at a rate of about 2 % annually, reaching a peak incidence 15-25 years post-exposure).The
risk is higher among those who received radiation therapy at a younger age and
with doses up to 20-30 Gy
3.History
of antecedent thyroid cancer in the family (≥2 members especially when
diagnosed at a young age)
4.Several
genetic syndromes
(i)Familial
adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP) and variants (attenuated FAP, Gardner
syndrome, Turcot syndrome)
(ii)Carney
complex
(iii)DICER1
syndrome
(iv)PTEN
hamartoma tumor syndrome
(v)Werner syndrome
(vi)Familial
nonmedullary thyroid cancer
(vii)MEN2
syndrome (medullary thyroid cancer)
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