RISK
FACTORS FOR THYROID CANCER (TC) DEVELOPMENT
A.MODIFIABLE
RISK FACTORS
i. DIET LOW
IN IODINE: most commonly associated with follicular TC, but also with papillary
TC (when associated with exposure to radioactivity)
ii.RADIATION
EXPOSURE, especially during childhood (including radiation for medical reasons
or radiation fallout from power plant accidents or nuclear weapons).
Interestingly, TCs developing following radiation therapy (for some cancers,
such as lymphoma, Wilms tumor, or neuroblastoma) are more aggressive than other
TCs
B.NON-MODIFIABLE
RISK FACTORS
1.GENDER
and AGE. TC is three times more common in women than in men. The risk peaks
earlier for women (often in their 40s or 50s when diagnosed) than in men
(usually in their 60s or 70s).
2.HEREDITARY
CONDITIONS
i.
Medullary TC in Familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) or in MEN2 syndrome
(type a or b)
ii.Familial
adenomatous polyposis
iii.Cowden
disease
iv.Carney
complex, type I
v.Familial
non-medullary TC
vi.Family
history of TC
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